Objetivo: Pacientes com doença de Wilson (DW) podem desenvolver uma ampla variedade de sintomas neuropsiquiátricos, mas existem poucos relatos de disfunção autonômica. Aqui, nós descrevemos evidência de disfunção de fibras finas/autonômica em 4 pacientes com DW e parkinsonismo responsivo à levodopa. Método: Nós revisamos os prontuários de 4 pacientes com DW que foram submetidos a avaliação neuromuscular e ao teste de quantificação do enrugamento cutâneo (TEC). Resultados: Dois homens e 2 mulheres (33±3,5 anos) com DW foram avaliados. Todos apresentaram parkinsonismo durante o curso de sua doença. Parkinsonismo no paciente 4 quase completamente desapareceu com tratamento da DW. Dois pacientes apresentaram queixas sensitivas e 2 apresentaram queixas autonômicas significativas incluindo episódios de síncope. Eletroneuromiografia foi normal em todos e TEC foi anormal em metade deles (score do TEC nos 4 dedos de 0,25 e 1). Discussão: Um subgrupo de pacientes com DW apresenta evidência de TEC anormal (neuropatia de fibras finas).

Objective: Patients with Wilson’s disease (WD) may develop a wide variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms, but there are few reports of autonomic dysfunction. Here, we described evidence of small fiber and/or autonomic dysfunction in 4 patients with WD and levodopa-responsive parkinsonism. Method: We reviewed the charts of 4 patients with WD who underwent evaluation for the presence of neuromuscular dysfunction and water-induced skin wrinkling test (SWT). Results: Two men and 2 women (33±3.5 years) with WD were evaluated. They all had parkinsonism at some point during their disease course. Parkinsonism on patient 4 almost completely subsided with treatment of WD. Two patients had significant sensory and 2 significant autonomic complaints, including syncopal spells. NCS/EMG was normal in all but SWT was abnormal in half of them (mean 4-digit wrinkling of 0.25 and 1). Discussion: A subset of patients with WD exhibit evidence of abnormal skin wrinkling test (small fiber neuropathy).

Objective: To assess the validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) by applying it to children and adolescents living in Salvador, Bahia. Methods: The validity of this FFQ with 98 food items was investigated among 108 children and adolescents who were selected from a sample of 1445 that had been planned for a study on the risk factors for asthma and other allergic diseases. The adults responsible for these children and adolescents gave responses for a 24-hour recall (R24h) and an FFQ. The average energy and nutrient values from the FFQ were compared with those from the R24h by means of the paired t test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The concordance was evaluated using the Bland-Altman method and kappa statistics. Results: The energy and nutrient intake estimated using the FFQ was significantly higher than what was obtained using the R24h. The correlation coefficients adjusted for energy were statistically significant for protein, fat, vitamin C and zinc. The weighted kappa values ranged from 0.06 for vitamin A (p = 0.24) to 0.34 for energy (p < 0.00). The results from the Bland-Altman plots for lipid, protein and zinc showed the most significant validity parameters, and zinc was found to show the best concordance. Conclusion: The results suggest that the FFQ showed satisfactory validity for use in studies involving children and adolescents.

Objetivo: Evaluar la validez de un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos (QFA) aplicándolo a niños y adolescentes residentes en Salvador, Bahía. Métodos: Se investigó la validez de este QFA con 98 ítems de alimentos en 108 niños y adolescentes seleccionados a partir de una muestra de 1.445 planificados para un estudio sobre los factores de riesgo para asma y otras enfermedades alérgicas. Los adultos responsables de estos niños y adolescentes proporcionaron respuestas para un recuerdo de 24 horas (R24h) y el QFA. Los valores promedio de energía y nutrientes procedentes del QFA se compararon con los del R24h mediante una prueba t de student y los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson. La concordancia se evaluó usando el método de Bland-Altman y el estadístico kappa. Resultados: El consumo estimado de energía y nutrientes usando el QFA fue significativamente superior que el obtenido usando el R24h. Los coeficientes de correlación ajustados para la energía fueron estadísticamente significativos para proteínas, grasas, vitamina C y cinc. Los valores ponderados por kappa variaron desde 0,06 para la vitamina A (p = 0,24) hasta 0,34 para la energía (p < 0,00). Los resultados de las gráficas de Bland-Altman para los lípidos, proteínas y cinc mostraron los parámetros más significativos para la validez y se halló que el cinc tenía la mejor concordancia. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que el QFA mostró una validez satisfactoria para ser usado en estudios con niños y adolescentes.

OBJETIVO: O papel da religiosidade em saúde mental vem sendo objeto de intensa investigação. Estudos devem ser executados em diferentes locais e culturas. O presente estudo objetiva desenvolver e validar um instrumento breve para mensurar religiosidade intrínseca (Inventário de Religiosidade Intrínseca - IRI) em duas amostras brasileiras. MÉTODO: A versão inicial foi baseada na revisão de literatura e em sugestões de especialistas. Estudantes universitários (amostra 1; n = 323) e pacientes psiquiátricos (amostra 2; n = 102) preencheram o Índice de Religiosidade de Duke (DUREL), o IRI, uma medida de espiritualidade (WHOQOL-SRPB), bem como medidas de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos. RESULTADOS: O IRI apresentou consistência interna adequada nas amostras 1 (α de Cronbach = 0,96; IC 95%; 0,95-0,97) e 2 (α = 0,96; IC 95%; 0,95-0,97). Análises de componentes principais indicaram um único fator que explicou 73,7% e 74,9% da variância nas amostras 1 e 2, respectivamente. Foram observadas fortes correlações entre o IRI e a subescala de religiosidade intrínseca da DUREL (r de Spearman de 0,87 a 0,73 nas amostras 1 e 2, respectivamente, p < 0,001). O IRI apresentou boa validade teste-reteste (coeficientes de correlação intraclasse > 0,70). CONCLUSÃO: Os dados indicam que o IRI é um instrumento válido e pode contribuir para estudar religiosidade intrínseca em amostras brasileiras.

OBJECTIVE: The role of religious involvement in mental health has been increasingly investigated in psychiatric research; however, there is a shortage of scales on religiousness in Portuguese. The present study aimed to develop and validate a brief instrument to assess intrinsic religiosity (Intrinsic Religiousness Inventory - IRI) in two Brazilian samples. METHOD: The initial version was based on literature review and experts' suggestions. University students (sample 1; n = 323) and psychiatric patients (sample 2; n = 102) completed the Duke Religiosity Index (DUREL), the IRI, an instrument of spirituality measurement (WHOQOL-SRPB), as well as measurements of anxiety and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: The IRI showed adequate internal consistence reliability in sample 1 (Cronbach's α = 0.96; 95% CI; 0.95-0.97) and sample 2 (α = 0.96; 95% CI; 0.95-0.97). The IRI main component analyses indicated a single factor, which explained 73.7% and 74.9% of variance in samples 1 and 2, respectively. Strong correlations between IRI and intrinsic subscale of the DUREL were observed (Spearman's r ranging from 0.87 to 0.73 in samples 1 and 2, respectively, p < 0.001). The IRI showed good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.70). CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the IRI is a valid instrument and may contribute to study intrinsic religiosity in Brazilian samples.

Today, the global navigation satellite systems, GPS used as global positioning systems, are based on a gravitational model and hence they are only operative when several relativistic effects are taken into account. The most important relativistic effects (to order 1/c²) are: the Doppler red shift of second order, due to the motion of the satellite (special relativity) and the Einstein gravitational blue shift effect of the satellite clock frequency (equivalence principle of general relativity). Both of these effects can be treated at a basic level, making for an appealing application of relativity to every life. This paper examines the significant effects that must be taken into account in the design and operation of systems GPS without resorting to the theory of special and general relativity, yielding the same results for these systems, where one of the effects can be treated with the time contraction approach proposed here and the other using the Newton's theory as an approximation of the General Relativity. This approach allow us to propose an outline of early prediction and detection on strong earthquake phenomena.

Hoy en día, los sistemas de navegación global por satélite, GPS utilizados como sistemas de posicionamiento global, se basan en un modelo gravitacional y por lo tanto solo son operativos cuando varios efectos relativistas son tenidos en cuenta. Los efectos relativistas más importantes (hasta el orden 1/c²) son: el desplazamiento Doppler al rojo de segundo orden, debido al movimiento del satélite (la relatividad especial) y el efecto gravitacional de Einstein corrimiento al azul de la frecuencia de reloj del satélite (principio de equivalencia de la relatividad general). Ambos efectos pueden ser tratados en un nivel básico, apelando a la relatividad del día a día. Este artículo examina los efectos significativos que deben tenerse en cuenta en la operación de sistemas de GPS sin tener que recurrir a las teorías de la relatividad especial y general, produciendo los mismos resultados para estos sistemas, donde uno de los efectos puede ser tratado con el enfoque temporal de la contracción que aquí se propone y el otro usando la teoría de Newton como una aproximación de la Relatividad General. Este enfoque nos permite proponer un esquema de la predicción y detección temprana de los fenómenos de terremoto de gran intensidad.

The aim of this work was to analyze the heat and mass transfer between the air and soybean seeds in a concurrent moving bed dryer with an air profile that is not flat. The modelling of heat and mass transfer in moving bed dryers is generally based on the application of mass and energy balance equations for both solid and fluid phases (two-phase model). In the establishment of these equations some classical hypotheses such as that the fluid velocity profile is flat, are assumed. The main goal of this work was to verify the validity of this assumption by means of an experimental and simulation study in a concurrent moving bed, using soybean seeds as particles. In this work, the radial air profile was taken into account by means of a suitable empirical correlation and a mechanistic model validated by experimental results. The numerical solution of the one-dimension boundary value problem was obtained by means of a computational code based on axial integration through the DASSL code. By comparison of the experimental data and the simulated responses for air temperature and seed moisture content, it was possible to verify the significant effect of air velocity distribution.

We solve the problem of a resistive toroid carrying a steady azimuthal current. We use standard toroidal coordinates, in which case Laplace's equation is R-separable. We obtain the electric potential inside and outside the toroid, in two separate cases: 1) the toroid is solid; 2) the toroid is hollow (a toroidal shell). Considering these two cases, there is a difference in the potential inside the hollow and solid toroids. We also present the electric field and the surface charge distribution in the conductor due to this steady current. These surface charges generat not only the electric field that maintains the current flowing, but generate also the electric field outside the conductor. The problem of a toroid is interesting because it is a problem with finite geometry, with the whole system (including the battery) contained within a finite region of space. The problem is solved in an exact analytical form. We compare our theoretical results with an experimental figure demonstrating the existence of the electric field outside the conductor carrying steady current.

In this work we consider a long, resistive cylindrical shell carrying a steady current. A battery in the middle of the wire generates the current. We study the behavior of the potential, electric field and surface charges close to the battery

En este trabajo consideramos una capa resistiva cilíndrica que transporta una corriente constante. Una batería genera la corriente en el centro del conductor. Estudiamos el comportamiento del potencial, campo eléctrico y cargas superficiales cerca de la batería

Apresentamos a primeira tradução para o português do trabalho fundamental de Gauss que é a base do sistema absoluto de medidas eletromagnéticas.

We present the first portuguese translation of the fundamental work by Gauss which is the basis of the absolute system of electromagnetic measures.

A number of factors can influence the behavior of yeast during fermentation. Some of these factors (initial wort concentration, initial pH and percentage of corn syrup in the composition of the wort) were studied in order to determine their influence on the productivity of fermentation. Fermentations were carried out at 25ºC utilizing a 2³ factorial design of these factors. The results showed that the percentage of corn syrup had no influence on process productivity, whereas initial pH and especially initial wort concentration did. It can be concluded that using pH and initial wort concentration values higher than those utilized in this work (5.5 and 20ºP, respectively) will result in a higher productivity.

Ideal one dimensional MHD (non-resistive) equations are used to study the rotational instability in field reversed configuration plasmas. Instead of using resistive boundary layer analysis, the eigenmode non hermitian equations are solved on the complex w-plane using a numerical code constructed using "Mathematica". We take into account the plasma compressibility and compare our results with the Compact Torus (TC-1) experiment of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), which is presented here. The m = 4 rotational mode observed in TC-1 is used to verify the consistency of our model.

Foi reestudado em um grupo adicional de 30 voluntários não expostos ao contágio um esquema reduzido para imunização pós-exposi-ção com vacina de sistema nervoso de camundongos recém-nascidos (Fuenzalida ; Palacios). A vacina foi administrada nos dias zero, 2, 4, 16 e 27. A resposta imune humoral foi avaliada por soroneutralização em cultura celular nos dias zero, 16 e 37. Já no dia 16 os títulos de anticorpos foram > 0.5 UI/ml e no dia 37 > 1.00 UI/ml. A resposta imune celular foi avaliada no dia 4 pelo teste cutâneo de hipersensibilidade tardia. Foram obtidos resultados positivos em todos os 30 voluntários estudados.

It was reevaluated a reduced schedule for anti-rabies post-exposure immunization with newborn mice nervous tissue vaccine (Fuenzalida 8c Palacios) in a group of 30 non exposed volunteers. The vaccine was administered by intramuscular injections on days zero, 2, 4, 16 and 27, in the deltoid area. Antibody levels were determinated by a simplified serum neutralization microtest on days zero, 16 and 37. On days 16 and 37 the antibody levels of the whole group was >0.5 IU/ml and >1.0 IU/ml, respectively. The cell mediated immunity was precociously detected (on day 4) by the delayed type hipersensitivity skin test. Our results show that this reduced schedule elicited an early and effective humoral and cellular immune response. However it is necessary other studies with larger groups of vaccinees in order to obtain definitive conclusion.